TGFB1 and Loeys-Dietz syndrome: TGF-β controls cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis in many tissues; and its pivotal role in bone regulation is highlighted by the number of skeletal diseases associated with abnormal TGF-β signaling, which include Marfan’s syndrome, Loey-Dietz syndrome, acromesomelic and geleophysic dysplasias and even osteogenesis imperfecta (257).