PDE4D and cholesteryl ester measurement: In contrast, female LVD patients had only six genes significant for DAS (Figure 3B, Table 5B): F13A1, coagulation factor XIII B chain (F13B), F5, interleukin 1 alpha (IL1A), MTHFR and phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), also alternatively spliced in CE patients and previously identified as a CE/LVD risk gene (10, 26).