In male CE patients compared to VRFCs, 15 genes were significant for DAS, including previously implicated GWAS CE risk genes: NINJ2, proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and ZFHX3 (Figure 3A, Table 5A). This evidence concerns the gene ZFHX3 and cholesteryl ester measurement.