In DN patients, elevated glucose levels increase fibronectin and inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), TNFα, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is liver dysplastic nodule.