TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: (a) significantly ↓ levels of toll-like receptor (TLR); expression on both classical and CD16+ monocytes assessed at Post and 1-h Post compared with Pre; (b) significantly ↓ LPS-stimulated TNF-α release in cultures at 1-h Post; (c) significantly lower levels of plasma TNF-α at 1-h Post. There were no differences between T2D and HC except for a larger decrease in plasma TNF-α in HC vs. T2D