Circulating levels of adiponectin are inversely associated with obesity, insulin sensitivity, T2DM, and metabolic syndrome (Arita et al., 1999; Hotta et al., 2000; Weyer et al., 2001; Mohan et al., 2005; Gilardini et al., 2006; Yamauchi et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2008). The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.