In addition, elevated LCN2 concentrations have been found in heart failure, coronary heart disease, and stroke (Elneihoum et al., 1996; Damman et al., 2008; Yndestad et al., 2009; Zografos et al., 2009), providing biological plausibility for the potential role of LCN2 as a biomarker in cardiovascular disease. The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is heart failure.