LEP and endothelial dysfunction: Hyperleptinemia is associated with protrombotic effects, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular remodeling; leptin regulates cardiac contractile function, metabolism, cell size, and production of extracellular matrix components in cardiomyocytes (Beltowski, 2006; Momin et al., 2006; Adiarto et al., 2007; Katsiki et al., 2018)