Furthermore, physiological function disorders, such as oxidative stress, inflammation (Meraz-Ríos et al., 2013), abnormal autophagy and the damage of insulin signaling pathway (Zhang and Hölscher, 2020) were also found to cause serious damage to the brain and can lead to the manifestation of AD (Butterfield and Halliwell, 2019). Here, INS is linked to Alzheimer disease.