GSN and Alzheimer disease: There are four genes, which were gelsolin (GSN), cystatin C (CST3), transthyretin (TTR), and integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2B), whose mutations can lead to autosomal dominant HA, while playing an important role in the pathogenesis of AD (Ray et al., 2000; Sastre et al., 2004; Hirko et al., 2007; Mi et al., 2007; Buxbaum et al., 2008; Buxbaum and Johansson, 2017; Tamayev et al., 2011; Matsuda and Senda, 2019).