These data suggest the participation of Th17 cells and the inflammasome in the in situ inflammatory response in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. (V.) panamensis infection and their roles in the control of the parasites, probably through IL-17 and the IL-1β-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation; however, the results cannot exclude their inflammatory role in the development of disease pathology. Here, IL1B is linked to cutaneous leishmaniasis.