Their presence, evidenced by immunohistochemistry, is correlated with the moderate to intense inflammatory infiltrate observed in the skin lesions of LCL caused by L. (V.) panamensis. Although the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of IL-1β lead to an increase in the pathology of murine infection by L. braziliensis [16], we observed an inverse correlation between the density of amastigotes and the densities of IL-1β and caspase-1, suggesting the role of the inflammasome in the control of L. (V.) panamensis infection as has been described previously [13, 28]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and neoplasm.