SP1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: It was shown that induction of Sp1 upon DNA damage activates the expression of miR-205 and its host gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by binding to sites immediately upstream of MIR205HG. Interestingly, the Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation of miR-205 promotes radioresistence and an aggressive phenotype through PTEN-PI3K/AKT pathway46.