Quantification of mRNA revealed that target genes of Wnt signaling, including c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Axin2, Lef1, and TCF1, as well as Wnt-associated stem cells markers, including Lgr5, Ascl2, and CD44v6, were higher expressed in IRF3fl/flVillincre mice in AOM/DSS model (Fig. 3c, d and Supplementary Fig. S3b, c). This evidence concerns the gene ASCL2 and infectious otitis media.