Type 1 mediators declined more consistently in humans than murine NEC: IFNG, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCR3 (Fig. 6j–m), as well as TBX21 (Supplementary Fig. 7f), were up to 93% reduced in acute NEC specimens compared to non-inflammatory Controls. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR3 and necrotizing enterocolitis.