(ii) Beyond the promise these findings hold for future use of IL-37 to treat or prevent NEC, our exploration of the beneficial effects of IL-37 yields mechanistic insights, including (iii) an unexpected IL-37-mediated modulation of baseline TLR expression, and (iv) partial restoration by IL-37 of the imbalance in type 3 vs type 1 and 2 adaptive immunity as well as in innate pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. The gene discussed is IL37; the disease is necrotizing enterocolitis.