We found that young mice developed long-lasting (≥ 8 weeks) spatial memory dysfunction when bone fracture preceded ischemic stroke by 6 h, which was associated with an accumulation of CX3C chemokine receptor 1+ (Cx3cr1+) cells in the hippocampal stratum lacunosum moleculare (SLM), stratum oriens and alveus [32]. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CR1 and ischemic stroke.