Moreover, previous studies have found that the genetic ablation of the succinate receptor (SUCNR1) defended against adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance (van Diepen et al., 2017), and initial protection against obesity in HFD (McCreath et al., 2015) implicating succinic acid/SUCNR1 signaling in the development of obesity (Keiran et al., 2019; McCreath et al., 2015) and its consequences, though its effects can be positive (Keiran et al., 2019). Here, SUCNR1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.