TRPV1 and urinary bladder cancer: In view of the fact that TRPV1 activation in isolated bladder preparations is thought to produce contractions through the release of tachykinins from CAP-sensitive TRPV1-expressing bladder afferents25,28, these findings suggest upregulation of TRPV1 expression, stronger TRPV1 coupling with tachykinin release machinery and/or enhancement of tachykinin-mediated DSM contractility in bladder cancer.