Recent studies reported that UBE2F couples with RBX2 E3 to induce CUL-5 neddylation and activation, resulting in poly-ubiquitylation of pro-apoptotic protein NOXA for proteasomal degradation and apoptosis inhibition of lung cancer cells, thus acting as an anti-apoptotic protein22,23. This evidence concerns the gene PMAIP1 and lung carcinoma.