Major pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that activate RIG-I are structured or double-stranded RNAs that possess a 5′-triphosphate moiety, a hallmark of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) transcripts that are expressed during the course of infection (Hornung et al. 2006; Pichlmair et al. 2006). The gene discussed is RIGI; the disease is infection.