Particularly, we confirmed that the extent of upregulation of three genes including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, i.e., the three most studied inflammatory genes related to obesity, was significantly greater in ‘Lean_Ag-DEGs’ than in ‘Obese_Ag-DEGs’ (P < 0.01) (Fig. 6b). Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.