Table 1 summarizes demographic and clinical information of the enrolled patients, including age (34.2 ± 6.7 years; mean ± SD), gestational age (GA) at sampling (27.6 ± 2; mean ± SD), and pregnancy complications including GDM (diagnosed in 10/46 pregnant women, and requiring insulin treatment in 5 of them). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is gestational diabetes.