TNF and COVID-19: As summarized in Table 2, COVID-19 patients have high plasma levels of a specific set of cytokines: Interleukin (IL) 1-β, IL-1RA, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), Interferon γ (INF), Interferon gamma-induced protein (IP10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins (MIP) 1A, MIP1B, Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) [1].