To further evaluate the ability of IP-1 to induce autophagy in macrophages, the ultrastructural and morphometry studies showed that IP-1 incubation after infection of macrophages with mycobacteria induced more autophagosomes (Figure 5A–C), which was confirmed by immune-labeling to LC-3 using colloidal gold, and significantly decreased the bacillary loads after one, three and five days of infection, when compared with infected cells without IP-1 peptide (Figure S11). The gene discussed is IKBKG; the disease is infection.