IL15 and neoplasm: In the present study, we have constructed a novel oncolytic herpes simplex virus (VG161) capable of delivering four immunomodulatory molecules into the tumor microenvironment, consisting of IL-12, IL-15, IL-15 receptor alpha subunit isoform 1 (IL-15RA), and a fusion protein (TF-Fc) capable of blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interactions [8].