Similarly, top 30 functional terms in ICGC pan-cancer contain common cancer pathways such as PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle, lymphocyte differentiation and histone modification (Figure 5B, Supplementary Figure S4B). Here, PIK3CA is linked to cancer.