CD274 and cancer: Interestingly, although interferon-γ-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 is a common mechanism of immune adaptive resistance in cancer, upregulation of PD-L1 in lymphomas is frequently driven constitutively by genomic alterations, including structural variation (SVs) in the chromosome region 9p24.1 [23–28], the gene loci where the immunoregulatory genes PD-L1 and PD-L2 reside.