Mechanically, lactate activated the extracellular regulated protein kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (ERK/STAT3) signaling pathway to stimulate M2 macrophage polarization to promote proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in breast cancer, which were abolished with the suppression of ERK/STAT3 signaling (46). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and breast carcinoma.