GPC3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Many biomarkers have been used to monitor at-risk populations, such as alpha-fetoprotein L3 (AFP-L3), des gamma carboxyprothrombin (DCP), glypican 3 (GPC3), and Golgi membrane protein 73 (GP73), yet these serum markers are not elevated in all HCC subtypes (10, 11).