Likewise, Diotavelli et al. (2018) described the upregulation of miR-346 during L. infantum infection of human U937 and THP-1-derived macrophages decreasing the mRNA level of major histocompatibility complex- or interferon-associated genes, such as antigen peptide transporter 1 (TAP1), regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) and B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BCAP31) involved in both immune response regulation and cell survival under endoplasmic reticulum stress during infection; thus, miR-346 could be considered as an enticing target for anti-Leishmania approaches. The gene discussed is TAP1; the disease is infection.