It was shown that the use of serum AFP (AUC 0.881, 95% CI 0.833–0.928, sensitivity 57.7%, and specificity 98.3%), plasma mSEPT9 (AUC 0.961, 95% CI 0.933–0.989, sensitivity 82.7%, and specificity 96.0%), or their combination (AUC 0.986, 95% CI 0.974–0.999, sensitivity 91.3%, and specificity 94.8%) significantly improved the diagnostic ability of HCC in healthy individuals (Figure 2(a) and Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.