The third implication is that TSPO upregulation and microglial proliferation are uncoupled in damaged tissue: TSPO cellular dynamics are more complex than a simple “TSPO upregulation equals microglia activation.” The presence of damaged white matter is not confined to those with prior lacunar stroke or a diagnosis of SVD, so these implications extend to other clinical settings. This evidence concerns the gene TSPO and snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration.