Any consideration of the toxicities of either ponatinib or MEKK2 inhibition should be considered relative to alternative strategies, such as the broad ERK pathway inhibition associated with MEK inhibitors such as trametinib, which is potentially associated with cardiomyopathy, hepatic toxicity, hypertension, rash, and interstitial lung disease38. This evidence concerns the gene MAP3K2 and cardiomyopathy.