In the current study, the reduced number of ANO4- and HIP1-expressing urinary EVs observed in PH1 patients with KS compared PH1 patients without NC or KS and with NC may reflect changes in ER Ca++-mediated microvesicle production and HIP-mediated endocytic processes that promote exosome release. This evidence concerns the gene HIP1 and primary hyperoxaluria type 1.