Finally, we show that the protein cargo of NETs from SLE patients contain ISG15 and able to induce IFNγ production, which agrees with previous data by Iglesias-Guimarais, et al. [58] which show that in addition to CD4+ lymphocytes, IFNγ production was also reported by other subpopulations such as CD8+ and NK cells, both known targets of action of extracellular ISG15 [58], which is also produced by lupus plasma cells [57]. The gene discussed is ISG15; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.