We concluded that AICAr-induced differentiation in a subset of primary non-APL AML blasts had no correlation with either FAB classification, cytogenetics or mutational status of FLT3 or NPM1. AICAr-sensitive primary AML samples differentiated in the presence of brequinar, but were resistant to differentiative effects of ATRA. The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.