Therefore, we suggested that targeting MPE-Mφ via IFN-γ and β-glucan may modulate the immunity of the tumor microenvironment by increasing the PD-L1 expression of MPE-Mφ for checkpoint inhibitor therapy and deceasing potential IL-10 secretion for M2 macrophages polarization; we propose that this can serve as an adjuvant for anti-cancer therapy to reduce tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.