IL1B and bacterial infectious disease: Taken together, the results obtained in the present study suggest that IL-1β and IL-8 are involved in the early response against bacterial pathogens in pacu, which, during bacterial infections, takes less then 12 hours to initiate, and since the inflammatory process occurs as a cytokine activation cascade, after this period, their expression decreases to physiological levels and other proteins may take place in the maintenance of the inflammatory process (Secombes et al., 2011).