One of the X-linked loci associated with MRX is the α thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability (ATRX) gene (OMIM #301040; Xq21.1); characterized by a complex phenotype and the primary elements consist of a serious impairment of psychomotor development, facial dysmorphism, genital anomalies and α thalassemia. This evidence concerns the gene ATRX and thalassemia.