VIP and Cognitive impairment: As cognitive deficits during aging can be associated with changes in electrophysiological properties of neurons (Rizzo et al., 2014), we performed targeted patch-clamp recordings from I-S3 cells in slices obtained from young (n = 9 cells) vs. old (n = 11 cells/) VIP-eGFP mice, and analyzed the active and passive membrane properties of these cells (Figure 3).