MILR1 and infection: Similarly, another relevant selection signature on the BTA19 jointly detected by iHS, Rsb and XP-EHH EUT/North African harboured several genes which are involved in immune response: CD79B, MILR1, PECAM1, MAP3K3 and TCAM1. The last two genes mediate NF-kappa-B activity which show evidence of positive selection in the African N’Dama cattle to alter in functions to effectively regulate the infection of cattle trypanosome31.