OvC-PDE cultures derived from serous carcinoma and carcinosarcoma (of which the epithelial component was exclusively composed of HGSC) had an average explant area of 1.0 ± 0.5 mm2 (OVC12, OVC14, OVC15, OVC16, OVC17, OVC20 and OVC23, Supplementary Fig. S1B), whereas OvC-PDE cultures derived from mucinous tumours and clear cell carcinomas were composed of larger explants, with a more heterogeneous size distribution (2.9 ± 1.0 mm2, OVC11, OVC13, OVC21 and OVC25, Supplementary Fig. S1B). Here, ALDH7A1 is linked to carcinosarcoma.