VIM and Myocardial fibrosis: The MMP2- and MMP9-producing Mφ were also associated with myocardial fibrosis, which presented with increased tissue distribution of TGF-β (which indicates a profibrotic response), galectin-3 (a marker of fibrotic response), and vimentin (a marker of fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts) in chronically infected Chagas mice (Fig. 6).