Numerous studies have explored the broad-spectrum antitumor effects of radionuclide therapy in conjunction with oncolytic VSVs, HSVs, measles and other viruses that have been genetically modified to express the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), a membrane protein responsible for driving cellular uptake of radionuclides, such as 131I [77–80]. Here, SLC5A5 is linked to measles.