Endogenous metabolic danger signals like an amyloid beta in Alzheimer’s disease, calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD) crystals in pseudogout, monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in gout, ceramides in obesity, cholesterol crystals in atherosclerosis, islet amyloid peptide (IAPP) or palmitate in T2D trigger the NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain)-like receptor family (NLR family also called IPAF), of whom the NLRP3 inflammasome components are of best importance. Here, IAPP is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.