PRKAA1 and cancer: To assess the role of AMPKα1 in cancer cell migration and invasion, Ctrl A549 and AMPKα1KO A549 cells were treated with or without vehicle, LPS, or CQ, as indicated in Figure 4D. Upon LPS stimulation, the invasion ability of AMPKα1KO A549 cells was decreased in response to LPS than that of Ctrl A549 cells (Figure 4D,E, Ctrl A549 versus AMPKα1KO A549 cells treated with LPS).