VSIR and cancer: The current ICIs (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4) are combined with newer agents blocking other novel checkpoints (TIM-3, LAG-3, VISTA, TIGIT, and others), immunotherapies (adoptive cell therapy, CAR-T therapy, cancer vaccines, and cytokines), and delivery strategies (bispecific antibodies and other delivery platforms).