NFKB1 and Hyperglycemia: Several endocrine and local stimuli such as hyperglycemia, elevated plasma levels of NEFA (non-esterified free acids), lipoproteins, oxidative stress, angiotensin-II, endothelin-1, and cytokine themselves have been shown to induce proinflammatory cytokine production by activating NF-κB pathway [25].