CXCL8 and inflammatory bowel disease: This notion coincides with the fact that Enterobacteriaceae bloom is one of the most consistent taxanomical shifts in the gut during IBD62 and that many members in this bacterial family (e.g. E. coli) produce Ent.63 Ent released in response to the iron-limiting condition known as hypoferremia of inflammation during IBD could exacerbate the disease not only by sustaining the influx of immune cells into the inflamed gut via IL-8, but also deplete the iron pool, which is needed for mucosal restitution.