Several immunotherapeutic modalities, such as engagement of immunostimulatory receptors (e.g. TLRs or OX40) and cancer vaccination strategies (using DNA, tumor cells or dendritic cells), are less effective in aged animals (Castro et al., 2009; Dominguez and Lustgarten, 2008; Grolleau-Julius et al., 2008; Provinciali et al., 2003; Provinciali et al., 2000; Ruby and Weinberg, 2009). The gene discussed is TNFRSF4; the disease is cancer.