EPCAM and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Giampieri et al. compared EpCAM-positive EV levels in pancreatic ductal carcinoma patients (n=19) before and after chemotherapy, with the results showing that EpCAM-positive EV levels before chemotherapy were associated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival, while the increase of EpCAM-EV was associated with better progression-free survival during chemotherapy [49].