These data show similarity between the recurrently mutated genes in human OSCC and mouse OSCCs and identify additional possible driver genes such as Chuk, a serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) activation and functions as a tumour suppressor by controlling turnover of cyclin D140,41. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.