TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Although TEM is considered the gold standard to identify double-membrane vesicles observed during cellular autophagy (Ylä-Anttila et al., 2009; Biazik et al., 2015), we excluded it from this work because (1) TGFβ1 had already been suggested to increase the number of autophagosomes in NSCLC cells (Alizadeh et al., 2018), and (2) the use of this technique is limited for cell population based quantitation.