While we were able to experimentally induce in a human myeloid leukemia cell line the kind of treatment-emergent promoter-translocated ABCB1 variant found in chemotherapy-treated breast and ovarian cancers, we were unable to identify similar translocations in primary human relapsed AML samples from patients previously exposed to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Here, ABCB1 is linked to myeloid leukemia.